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What Is a DO?

Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) is a fully licensed physician who practices a unique, whole-person approach to care in every medical specialty.

DOs are trained to look beyond symptoms to consider how lifestyle, environment, and the interconnected systems of the body influence a patient’s overall health. They combine the latest advances in medical science and technology with a compassionate, holistic philosophy that emphasizes prevention and wellness.

What Is Osteopathic Medicine?

Osteopathic medicine is a distinct branch of medicine in the United States that emphasizes the interrelated unity of the body’s systems and the body’s natural ability to heal itself. Rather than focusing only on symptoms, osteopathic physicians consider the whole person—mind, body, and spirit—in diagnosis and treatment.

A defining feature of osteopathic medical training is Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT)—a set of hands-on techniques used to diagnose, treat, and prevent illness or injury. OMT can be used to complement or even reduce the need for medications or surgery.

How Are DOs Trained?

Like their MD counterparts, DOs:

  • Complete four years of medical school

  • Undergo extensive clinical rotations

  • Participate in residency and, if desired, fellowship training

  • Are licensed to practice in all 50 states and across all medical specialties

  • Use evidence-based medicine and the latest medical technology

DOs also receive additional training in the musculoskeletal system, giving them a deeper understanding of how the body’s structure affects function and health.

How Common Are DOs?

Osteopathic medicine is one of the fastest-growing healthcare professions in the United States:

  • 1 in 4 U.S. medical students is currently enrolled in an osteopathic medical school.

  • The total number of DOs has grown by 68% in the past decade.

  • At the current rate of growth, DOs are projected to make up more than 20% of the U.S. physician workforce by 2030.

Where Do DOs Practice?

DOs provide care across all specialties, but a majority choose to serve in primary care fields—including family medicine, internal medicine, and pediatrics—often in underserved or rural areas where access to healthcare is limited.

What Makes DOs Different?

DOs offer a comprehensive, patient-centered approach by integrating:

  • All appropriate conventional medical options

  • OMT when beneficial

  • A focus on prevention, lifestyle, and the body’s ability to self-heal

This combination allows DOs to deliver the most comprehensive care available in modern medicine.


What is the difference between a DO and an MD?

Both DOs (Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine) and MDs (Doctors of Medicine) are fully licensed physicians who complete rigorous education and training. The main difference lies in their approach to patient care and some aspects of their training.

Do DOs and MDs have the same medical education?

Yes. Both DOs and MDs:

  • Complete a four-year undergraduate degree with similar pre-medical prerequisites

  • Attend four years of medical school

  • Choose a medical specialty such as family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, surgery, or OB/GYN

  • Complete a residency program, and may pursue further fellowship training

  • Must pass comparable licensing examinations to practice medicine in the U.S.

Are DOs and MDs trained at the same level?

Yes. Post-graduate medical education (residency and fellowship) for both DOs and MDs is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). This ensures a standardized and rigorous level of training for all physicians, regardless of whether they hold a DO or MD degree.

Do DOs and MDs work in the same healthcare settings?

Yes. Both practice in fully accredited and licensed hospitals, clinics, and medical centers. DOs and MDs are the only two types of fully licensed physicians in the United States.

What makes osteopathic physicians (DOs) unique?

DOs bring a distinctive, holistic approach to medicine, including:

  • Whole-person care: DOs are trained to treat the whole person, not just symptoms or specific conditions.

  • Emphasis on prevention: Osteopathic medicine emphasizes preventive care and encourages lifestyle changes that support long-term wellness.

  • Additional musculoskeletal training: DOs receive specialized training in the musculoskeletal system, which provides a deeper understanding of how injury or illness in one part of the body can affect others.

  • Hands-on techniques: All DOs learn Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) — a set of hands-on techniques used to diagnose, treat, and prevent illness or injury.

  • Comprehensive care: DOs combine traditional medical practices with OMT to offer patients the most comprehensive and personalized care available.

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